How should dust removal and cleaning machines be maintained and serviced

As a key piece of equipment in industries such as grain processing and feed production, the maintenance and upkeep of dust removal and cleaning machines directly affect the cleaning efficiency, equipment lifespan and product quality. The following systematically expounds the key points of maintenance and care for dust removal and cleaning machines from five aspects: daily inspection, regular maintenance, maintenance of key components, safe operation, and seasonal maintenance

I. Daily Inspection and Basic Maintenance

Check before startup

Power supply and wiring: Check if the wiring of the motor and control cabinet is loose and if the outer sheath of the cable is damaged to prevent leakage or short circuit.

Transmission components: Confirm whether the tension of the belt and chain is moderate (if too loose, it is prone to slipping; if too tight, it increases wear), and whether the coupling bolts are tightened.

Air volume and air pressure: After starting the fan, observe whether the opening degree of the air door is reasonable to ensure that the air volume can meet the cleaning requirements (such as the separation of grains and impurities).

Screen surface condition: Check whether the screen mesh and screen plate are flat, free from damage or blockage, and whether the spring of the vibrating screen has normal elasticity.

In-operation monitoring

Abnormal sounds: Listen for any unusual noises during the operation of the equipment (such as bearing friction or screen body collision), and stop the machine in time for inspection.

Temperature monitoring: When touching the motor and the bearing housing shell with your hand, the temperature should not exceed 65℃ (an infrared thermometer can be used for assistance).

Discharge quality: Regularly inspect the materials after cleaning to confirm whether the impurity separation rate meets the standards. Adjust the air volume or the inclination Angle of the screen surface if necessary.

Clean after shutdown

Residual materials: After shutting down the equipment, clean the residual grains or impurities at the feed port, screen surface, discharge port and inside the dust collector to prevent mold or blockage.

Dust collector ash discharge: If a pulse dust collector is equipped, the accumulated dust in the ash hopper should be discharged regularly (generally 1-2 times per shift) to prevent the ash hopper from being too full and affecting the dust removal efficiency.

Ii. Regular Maintenance Plan

Weekly maintenance

Lubrication and maintenance: Apply grease (such as lithium-based grease) to the motor bearings, vibrating screen bearings, transmission chains and other parts to reduce wear.

Screen surface fastening: Check whether the fixing bolts of the screen mesh and screen plate are loose, and tighten them in time to prevent screen surface deformation.

Air duct cleaning: Use compressed air to blow and sweep the air inlet of the fan, the air duct and the filter bags of the dust collector to remove adhering dust and keep the air duct unobstructed.

Monthly maintenance

Drive belt adjustment: Check the wear condition of the belt. If the crack exceeds 1/3 of the belt width or the elongation exceeds 5%, a new belt needs to be replaced.

Vibrating screen balance: Test the amplitude and frequency of the vibrating screen. If abnormal shaking occurs, adjust the Angle of the eccentric block or replace the spring.

Electrical system inspection: Use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the motor (it should be ≥0.5MΩ), and confirm that there is no erosion on the contacts of the contactors and relays inside the control cabinet.

Quarterly maintenance

Dust collector filter bag replacement: If the resistance of the filter bag exceeds the design value (such as 1200Pa) or it is damaged, a new filter bag should be replaced to ensure the dust removal efficiency.

Fan impeller cleaning: Disassemble the fan casing, clean the accumulated dust and impurities on the impeller surface, and check whether the impeller is balanced (the dynamic balance error should be ≤5g).

Anti-corrosion of structural components: Rust removal treatment is carried out on metal parts such as equipment shells and brackets, and anti-rust paint is applied to extend their service life.

Iii. Specialized Maintenance of Key Components

Screen surface maintenance

Screen replacement: Select a screen of appropriate mesh size based on the material characteristics (such as particle size and humidity), and regularly check the wear of the screen. If it is perforated or deformed, it should be replaced in time.

Screen body leveling: Use a level to check the installation levelness of the screen body. The error should be ≤2mm/m to avoid uneven distribution of materials due to tilting.

Fan and motor maintenance

Fan alignment: Check the alignment of the fan and the motor shaft every six months. The deviation should be ≤0.1mm to prevent intensified vibration.

Motor heat dissipation: Clean the dust on the motor heat sink and ensure that the ventilation holes are unobstructed to prevent the motor from overheating.

Optimization of Dust removal system

Pulse valve inspection: Test the pulse valve's blowing pressure and frequency monthly. If the blowing is weak or there is air leakage, replace the diaphragm or repair the valve body.

Ash hopper ash discharge: Install a material level gauge to monitor the dust accumulation in the ash hopper to prevent it from being overly full and causing secondary dust raising.

Iv. Safety Operation and Protection

Operating Specifications

Start-up sequence: Start the fan first. Wait until the air volume stabilizes before starting the feeding device. When shutting down, stop the feeding first and then the fan.

Protective devices: Ensure that safety guards, emergency stop buttons, warning signs and other safety facilities are in good condition. It is strictly prohibited to open the maintenance door during operation.

Personnel training

Provide training to operators on equipment structure, key points of maintenance and emergency handling to enhance their safety awareness and operational skills.

Fire and explosion prevention

In environments with high dust concentration, explosion-proof motors and explosion-proof switches should be installed, and safety devices such as fire extinguishers and dust concentration detectors should be equipped.

V. Key Points for Seasonal Maintenance

Summer maintenance

Cooling measures: In high-temperature environments, install cooling fans or water cooling devices for motors and fans to prevent equipment from overheating.

Moisture-proof treatment: Check the sealing of the electrical control cabinet to prevent damp air from entering and causing a short circuit.

Winter maintenance

Anti-freezing measures: If the equipment is not in use in a low-temperature environment, the accumulated water in the pipelines and ash hoppers should be drained to prevent freezing and damage to the equipment.

Preheating start: Before starting in winter, preheat the motor and bearings first (such as using a heater) to reduce cold start wear.

Vi. Fault Prevention and Handling

Common faults, possible causes and handling measures

The cleaning efficiency has decreased, the screen surface is clogged, and the air volume is insufficient. Clean the screen surface and adjust the opening degree of the air door

Excessive vibration of the equipment, unbalanced screen body, and broken spring. Adjust the balance of the screen body and replace the spring

Poor dust removal effect, damaged filter bags, faulty pulse valves. Replace the filter bags and repair the pulse valves

If the motor is overheating and has poor heat dissipation or the load is too large, clean the heat sink and adjust the feed rate